Human wildlife conflict sensible solutions to living with wildlife. The conflict occurs where human requirements overlap with those of wildlife resulting to resource competition hence costs to either. Definition human wildlife conflict is defined by the world wide fund for nature as any interaction between humans and wildlife that results in negative impact on human social, economic or cultural life, on the conservation of wildlife populations, or on the environment. Growing conflict,humans and wildlife 191 are insuf. As carnivore populations started to increase in gonarezhou national park, so did conflict with the surrounding communities. Bhat abstract animal conflicts at various locations of kashmir valley in india are due to close proximity between humans and wild carnivores particularly leopard and black bear. Humanprimate conflict is a subset of humanwildlife conflict that can broadly be. This threat to coexistence between humans and animals is particularly serious in developing countries, where population growth significantly impacts traditional wildlife ranges. Conflicts between wildlife and humans cost many lives, both human and wildlife, threaten livelihoods, and jeopardize longterm conservation goals such as securing protected areas and building constituencies in support of biodiversity conservation.
Perspectives of conflict at the wildlifeagriculture boundary. Natural wildlife territory is overlaps with the humans existence and various forms of human wildlife conflict occur with various negative results. Human wildlife conflict refers to the interaction between wild animals and people and the resultant negative impact on people or their resources, or wild animals or their habitat. Practical mitigation of human wildlife conflict is critical to the success of conservation in tsavo conservation area tca and wildlife conservation in kenya in general. Wildlifecampus human wildlife conflicts 4 human wildlife conflict resolution wildlifecampus where do we strike a balance. Conflict between people and animals is one of the main threats to the continued survival of many species in different parts of the world, and is also a significant threat to local human populatons.
The most popular of these is financial reward for the sequestering of carbon, but it is also seen as a potential solution for human wildlife conflict. Human interactions with wildlife are a defining experience of human existence. Human wildlife conflict study namibian case study wwf. We identified four main humanwildlife conflict types.
Human wildlife conflict has been in existence for as long as humans and wild animals have shared the same landscapes and resources see below. There exists the inevitable expansion in human settlements towards areas previously considered uninhabited. Introduction investigating the human behavioral aspects of wildlife damage management for over 25 years. Wildlife crop damage sustained at household level can. Human population growth and the resultant conflict with wildlife poses a formidable threat to africas vast wilderness areas. If solutions to conflicts are not adequate, local support for conservation also declines. Inquiries by researchers at cornell and other institutions and agencies have shed light. Destruction of forests through logging, encroachment, slashandburn. The conflict that occurs between people and wildlife when animals leave protected areas and raid their crops is becoming one of the largest problems for conservation managers around the world. Factors influencing human wildlife conflict in communities. Although nepal, with rich biodiversity, is doing well in its conservation efforts, human wildlife conflicts have been a major challenge in recent years.
Pdf perceptions of nonhuman primates in humanwildlife. Humanwildlife conflict management cornell university. Humane wildlife conflict resolution guide is your facility overwhelmed with panicked calls from the public about wildlife problems. Human wildlife conflict is a hyphenated term because humans are deeply involved in it, and if you focus only on the wildlife you wont get very far. Consequently, wildlife use humanoccupied areas outside protected areas in order to survive, thereby triggering. The growing human population,deforestation,loss of habitat and decline in their prey species are few major reason behind the human wildlife conflict in india. Human wildlife conflict hwc is fast becoming a critical threat to the survival of many globally endangered species, in particular to large and rare mammals such as the sumatran tiger panthera tigris sumatrae and the asian lion panthera leo persica, but also to less endangered species such as the snow leopard uncia uncia and the red colobus monkey procolocus kirkii. Traditionally, lethal methods have been used to address human wildlife conflict, but these methods are cruel and ineffective, and threaten imperiled species. Tried and tested approaches to conflict resolution include schemes to financially. Human wildlife conflict in kenya, as can be concluded from the facts, arises from the opposing interests between human development and wildlife conservation. If the conflict is happening in a poor community, for example, most of the time people are too concerned about meeting basic needs to really think about conservation. Human wildlife conflict does not occur only in africa. Pdf human wildlife conflict, the case of mole national. Human wildlife conflict is defined as any event in which animals injure, destroy or damage human life or property including the destruction of crops and are killed, injured.
Humanwildlife interactions hwi is the only scientific journal dedicated specifically to publishing manuscripts that report research, management case studies, and policy perspectives designed to enhance the professional management of human wildlife conflicts hwi is an openaccess journal published 3 times per year. The study used crosssectional design which incooperated ethnography and corelation designs. Abstract nonhuman primates referred to as primates in this study are sometimes revered as gods, abhorred as evil spirits, killed for food. Consequently only delivering collective communitylevel benefits do little to increase tolerance of wildlife damage romanchet et al 2007. The mission of the iucn ssc task force on human wildlife conflict is to support the iucn ssc network in addressing human wildlife conflict hwc by providing interdisciplinary guidance and expert support, through an integration of ecological and social sciences. Human wildlife conflict in india people and wildlife.
The ability to understand the causes of human wildlife conflict and its effects, and to deploy appropriate counter measures is vital to securing the future of this environment. The elephant contributed the most to conflict incidents 46. Humanwildlife conflict study abroad in zimbabwe edu africa. It is not a new phenomenon, but the scale and scope of this conflict has been growing exponentially over time, and is likely to do so indefinitely, given indias ever. Farmers perceptions of the impacts of human wildlife conflict on. Nowadays human wildlife conflict exists in one form or another all over the world. Human wildlife conflict causes, consequences and mitigation measures with special reference to kashmir authors.
Perceptions of nonhuman primates in humanwildlife conflict. In the biological sciences, humanwildlife interactions are the. People compete with wildlife for food and resources, and have eradicated dangerous species. Mitigating humannonhuman primate conflict hockings major. Humanwildlife conflict, interspecies disease, and justice. Lessons learned from awfs african heartlands 4 preventive measures measures that can prevent or minimise the risk of conflicts arising between people and animals include the extreme one of completely removing either the people or the animals, physically separating the two by. Human wildlife conflicts in tanzania proceedings of the 1 st university wide conference, 5 th 7 april 2000. Retaliatory killing and loss of habitat are threats to the survival of many species around the world. The conservation of african elephants can be very challenging, particularly when they occur in close proximity to human settlements. This causes human wildlife conflict, especially with farmers who live in rural areas and forestdependent communities that compete with wildlife for waning resources.
Developing solutions for human wildlife conflict is an urgent conservation priority. Injury and death from wildlife attacks often result in people feeling violent resentment and hostility against the wildlife involved and, therefore, may undermine public support for conservation. Declining wildlife resources has been linked to human actions through overexploitation, habitat destruction, and. Humanwildlife interactions journals utah state university. Human wildlife conflict refers to the interaction between wild animals and humans, and the resultant negative impact on people, animals, resources, and habitats. Human wildlife conflict african wildlife conservation fund. In response, in partnership with the gonarezhou conservation trust and the wildlife in livelihoods development program, we established a human wildlife coexistence hwc program around the park. Dozens of mechanisms and strategies have been initiated in an effort to reduce and manage human wildlife conflicts and provide longterm solution to the prevalent resource use. Transforming social conflict to create sustainable. Human wildlife conflict, however, frequently involves an equally important conflict between people who have different goals, attitudes, values, feelings, levels of empowerment, and wealth.
Pdf this study examines how transformations of a regional rural economy have produced new geographies of encounter between. Around the world, social conflicts related to conservation issues are serious obstacles to both wildlife conservation efforts and local communities way of life. The wild neighbors pledge is a commitment to using humane solutions for conflicts with wildlife and promoting coexistence with your communitys wild neighbors. It occurs when growing human populations overlap with established wildlife. Ceylon wild life agency cwa one of the major instigators of human wildlife conflict is competition for space. Perceptions of nonhuman primates in humanwildlife conflict scenarios. Wildlife commission provides bearwise basics on co. Their large body size means that they take relatively little notice of fences, whether they are designed to keep elephants in protected areas or out of crop fields. The world resources institute 1995 report revealed that the habitat loss in tanzania was a serious problem for different ecosystems. The aim of human wildlife conflict management is to by wildlife. To address such conflicts, the center for conservation peacebuilding cpeace pioneered the application of conservation conflict transformation cct theory, skills, processes, and strategies. Conflict with wildlife may be rooted in struggles among people over empowerment and access to resources or needs for survival. Conflicts between wildlife and humans, particularly people who share immediate boundaries with protected areas, are common phenomenon.
A case study on human wildlife conflict in nepal with particular reference to humanelephant conflict in eastern and western terai regions submitted to species program wwf international submitted by wwf nepal 1 1 report has been prepared by dr rinjin shrestha, phd. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of science school of natural resources and environment at the university of michigan. Human wildlife conflict, interspecies disease, and justice in a wildlife rich region of kenya. Developing strategies to mitigate human wildlife conflict. Humanwildlife conflict humane society international. The objectives of the study were to asses the level of indigenous knowledge and investigate the effectiveness of using indigenous knowledge in managing human wildlife conflicts. Human wildlife conflict is a highly politicized issue that evokes heated opinions and, often, kneejerk responses.
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